Fuel oil burner



Jan. 9, 1934. F, K, SPARLING 1,942,619

FUEL OIL BURNER Filed Jan. 16 1932 Patented Jan. 9, 1934 UNI ED STA ES PATE TL O FI E FUEL BURNER Frank K, Sparling, New Bdford, Massy Application January 16, 1932. Serial No. 587,041

, 2 Claims. (Cl. 158- 87) This invention relates to a fuel oil burner for use in domestic stoves or ranges, the burner including a base adapted to be horizontally Supported in a fibre box, two combustion chambers and a central heating Chamber, all located above the base, said base having annular Vapor distributing grooves below the combustion chambers,.and vapor conduits diverging from the central portion of the base and adapted to conduct 1 combustible gas to the distributing grooves, the

latter delivering the gas to the combustion chambers, in which it is burned, fuel oil being deliveredto the central portion of the base by a fuel supply pipe, combustion in the combustion chambers causing the radiation of heat into the central heating Chamber.

The invention 'is embodied in the combination with the above mentioned elements, of an aerating and premixing Chamber receiving oil from gothe, supply'pipe and connected with Said radial 'conduits and eXposed to heat radiated vinto the central heating Chamber, so that oil is vaporiz ed in the aerating Chamber, the latter being provided' With means for intimately mixing air With 5 the Ioil vapor, the mixture being a' combustible "gas which 'is conducted bthe 'radial conduits to the annular distributing grooves and ignited therein and supplying heat delivered .to the' come bustion cham'bers, the heating Chamber 'and the 370 aerating Chamber therein.

is a tapering form 'imparted thereto so that its Cross sectional area decreases from its lower to its upper end for a purpose hereinafter specified.

Of the accompanying drawing forming apart of' this specification: l

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a burner embodying the invention, the combustion chambers being removed and a portion of the cover of the aerating Chamber broken away;

Figure 2 is a side View of the' entire burner, parts being shown in section on the line `2 2 of Figure 1';

Figure 3 shows the aerating Chamber alone and in Vertical section;

Figure 4 is a section taken on the line 4 4 of Figure 3; and

Figure 5 is a View similar to Figure 3 showing a diierent form of the aerating Chamber.

The same reference Characters indicate the same parts in all of the figures.

In the drawing, 12 designates a Circular horizontal base having two annular horizontal distributing grooves 13 concentric With each other 55 and surrounding its central portion. Each An important feature of the aerating Chamber groove is surmounted by a pair of perfor'ated' cylindrical walls 14 rising from opposite edges 'of the grooves,said walls forming combustion chainbers 10 (Figure 2) adapted to receive' a cOm-' bustible gaseous mixture from the grooves 13. 0

The inner wall 14 of the inner ,combustion Chamber 10 defines a central heating Chamber 15 (Figure 2), into Which heat is projected `from` the' inner 'combustion Chamber, saidv heating Chamber being above the central portion of the base' Horizontal distributing conduits' v16 diverge from the aeratingchamber hereinafter described, located on the central portion of the base, said', conduits being adapted to first conduct liquid fuel 7 from the aerating Chamber to the distributing grooves 13, suchiuel rising into the combustion. Chamber 10 'and being burned therein.

17 designates a liquid fuel supply pipe entering thecentral portion 12a of the base, and adapted 7 to'supply kerosene, or other fuel oil to the above mentioned aerating Chamber. Said, pipe may' have any suitablemeans for regulating the fuel s ply. 7

The elements above-specifically described are included in a fuel burner; of the type shown by the J ohnson and Leach Patent No. 13764,794.

The burner of my invention is characterized by the aerating and premixing Chamber next described, in Which air and hydro-carbonvapor are 5 heated and intimately mixed to provide a gaseous fuel which passes to the combustion Chamber.

The aerating Chamber is eXposed to heat in the central heating Chamber 15, and includes a bottom formed by the central portion 1266 of the base, this being the portion receiving the fuel supply pipe 17', and an a'nnular wall 18 integral With and projecting upwardlyfrom the base into the heating Chamber 15, 'and provided With ,air conduits19, referably two in number, although more may be employed. These conduits have intake ends in the under side of the base', and outlet ends in the upper portion of the wall 18. The aerating Chamber includes also a cover 20 seated removably on the upper end of the wall 18, the under side of the cover being recessed. and extending over the outlet ends of the air conduits 19, and formed to inwardly and downwardly de'- fiect the air currents passing upwardly through the conduits and impart downward movement to the air as indicated by the arrows in Figures 3 and 4. V

The oil absorbed by the Wicks may be ignited by a lighted splint inserted in the combustion chambers. Said chambers are separated from lll) each other by an air space 21, (Figure 2), Which usually eXtendS to and through the base. The upper end of the central heating Chamber is closed by a cover 22, whose margin partly overlaps the upper end of the inner combustion chamber 10. The upper end of the air space 21 is covered by an annular cover 23 having an inner margin partly overlapping the inner combustion Chamber and an outer margin partly overlapping the outer combustion chamber all as shown by Figure 2. Openings 24 and 25 are thus 'provided for the insertion of a lighted Splint into the comi bustion chambers.

When the burner is being preheated, a priming layer of oil of a predetermined depth is admitted by the supply pipe 17 'to the' aerating Chamber and covers the bottom thereof, the depth of the layer being determined by the height of the burner relative to the Source of oil supply said height being variable by well known adjusting means. The oil also covers'the bottoms of the radial distributing conduits 17, and is supplied to the usual asbestos wicks in the grooves 13,' said wicks being shown at w, w, in Figure 2.

After the'wicks are ignited, heat is generated in the combustion chambers 10 first by the wick flames, and later by combustible gas from the aerating Chamber. The heat is projected inwardly from the innermost perforated'wall 14 into the'heating Chamber 15 and impinges on the cover 20 and wall 18 of the aerating Chamber, and eventually raises said parts to a red 'heat which vaporiZes the oil on the aerating Chamber bottom, Causes a flow of air through the air conduits, and heats the entering air. The heatedi grooves 13 tothe 'Combustion chambers, where its c'o'mbustion takes place. When the wall and cover'of the aerating Chamber become fred' hot the regular operation of the'burner continues' until the supply of' oil ceases. The tapering form of the wall 18 facilitates the downward 'move'- ment of the eXpanded airtherein and its mixture with the oil vapor.

It will be see'n that the' action of the burner is 'similar to that of an acetylene blow-torch, in that the'red hot aerating Chamber receives and heats'outside air and miXes the same with the oil vapor 'to form a combustible gas which burns with'anamber vcolored'flame similar to that of a blowtorch. The heat of the fiame is much greater than that of the blue flame produced by' a burner which does not include an aerating Chamber functioning as described.

The top surface of the aerating Chamber bottom 1'2a and the bottoms of the distributing conduits 16 are horizontal and preferably on the same level as shown by Figure 2.' Apriming layer of oil having a minimum depth on the`bottoms of the aerating Chamber and the grooves may thereafter be entirely vaporized before the regular operation of the burner is commenced, So that Said bottoms are left bare, and deposit therein of residues contained in the oil is prevented. Cleaning of said bottoms is, therefore, unneces- Sary. The oil subsequently vaporized is that contained in the upper portion of the supply pipe 1'7.

An important feature of the aerating Chamber is the tapering or frusto-conical form imparted to'the wall 18, 'so that the diameter of the wall decreases from its lower to it's upper end. Another important feature is the form of the under side face of the cover 20, this being recessed and approximately concave.

The outlet ends of the air conduits 19 are arranged to direct air' against the marginal portions of the under face of the cover and 'toWard the center thereof. In Figure 5, there is disclosed a modification of the aerating Chamber. In this particular figure, the wall 13' is tapered in a more pronounced manner than the tapered wall shown in Fgure 2 of the drawing, the air conduits being" designated by the numeral 19' and the cover by the numeral 20'. Thisstructure forms a sub stantially conical aerating chamber.

To regulate the volume of air admittedthrough the conduits 19', I may provide adjustable pointed valves 27 'having screw thread engagement with tubular projections 28 on the base and adapted v to vary the capacity of the intake ends of the 105 conduits' I claim:

1. A fuel oil burner which includes a horizontal base' having spaced annular concentric wick-containing grooves,`a central aerating and premixing 110 Chamber comprising a bottom formed by the centralportion of the base, an annular tapered wall upstanding fromthe center of the base and decreasing in diameter from its lower to its upper end, said Wall being provided with air conduits ll' having intake ends in the under side of the basef and outlet ends terminating adjacent its upper end, a coverclosing said upper end and formed to inwardly and downwardly deflectair currents admitted through said air conduits; an oil Supply pipe admitting oil to the bottom of the'aerating Chamber; radial distributing conduits connecting the bottom portion of the aerating chamber with said annular grooves and cooperating with said grooves to form air passage-s through 

